Performance analysis of distributed Kalman filtering with partial diffusion over noisy network

The performance of partial diffusion Kalman filtering (PDKF) algorithm for the networks with noisy links is studied here. A closed-form expression for the steady-state mean square deviation is then derived and theoretically shown that when the links are noisy, the communication-performance tradeoff, reported for the PDKF algorithm, does not hold. Additionally, optimal selection of combination weights is investigated and a combination rule along with an adaptive implementation is motivated. The results confirm the theoretical outcome

Demonstration of Universal Parametric Entangling Gates on a Multi-Qubit Lattice

We show that parametric coupling techniques can be used to generate selective entangling interactions for multi-qubit processors. By inducing coherent population exchange between adjacent qubits under frequency modulation, we implement a universal gateset for a linear array of four superconducting qubits. An average process fidelity of $\mathcal{F}=93\%$ is estimated for three two-qubit gates via quantum process tomography. We establish the suitability of these techniques for computation by preparing a four-qubit maximally entangled state and comparing the estimated state fidelity against the expected performance of the individual entangling gates. In addition, we prepare an eight-qubit register in all possible bitstring permutations and monitor the fidelity of a two-qubit gate across one pair of these qubits. Across all such permutations, an average fidelity of $\mathcal{F}=91.6\pm2.6\%$ is observed. These results thus offer a path to a scalable architecture with high selectivity and low crosstalk

Assessment of Utility in Migraine: Mapping the Migraine-Specific Questionnaire to the EQ-5D-5L

Introduction: There are increasing demands for studies of cost-effectiveness to allocate resources for disease prevention and treatment strategies. The aim of this study is to measure quality of life in migraineurs, based on the Migraine-Specific Questionnaire (MSQ) and EQ-5D-5L, and thereafter map an algorithm to estimate health-state utility values from the MSQ in individuals with migraine. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted between May and July 2018 in a tertiary headache clinic in Tehran, Iran, migraineurs diagnosed based on International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-3β were enrolled and were asked to complete the MSQ questionnaire and EQ-5D questionnaire. The Spearman correlation coefficient (�) was calculated to measure the correlation between the EQ-5D-5L and MSQ v2.1 domains� score. A P value of <.05 was considered statistically significant. After statistical analysis, several regression models were presented to map the results of the MSQ domains to the utility index, and the preferred model was achieved based on goodness of fit and the model's predictive performance. Results: The preferred MSQ algorithm had approximately the same prediction errors in all migraineurs, episodic and chronic migraine (root mean square error 0.24, 0.24, and 0.23, respectively). The preferred MSQ model explained a variance of 0.26 (R2) in episodic and 0.38 in chronic migraine in the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Conclusion: The preferred MSQ mapping algorithm will be suitable in estimating health state utilities in trials of patients with migraine that contain MSQ scores but lack utility values. © 202

Economic burden of medication-overuse headache in Iran: direct and indirect costs

Background and objective: Medication-overuse headache (MOH) as a secondary chronic headache imposes a considerable burden on both individuals and societies. Nevertheless, little is known about the burden of MOH in Iran. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to quantify the annual cost of MOH among Iranian patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 84 patients were recruited. Demographic data, headache attack characteristics, related disability, and information about the economic burden of MOH were collected through face-to-face interview. Direct medical and nonmedical costs as well as indirect costs were included in our cost analysis. The prevalence-based approach was applied to estimate the economic burden of MOH. Results: We found that MOH patients in Iran spend averagely 1046 for medical services, 132 for nonmedical services, and 1432 due to lost productivity per year. The per-person annual cost of MOH was US2610, and the total annual cost for Iran was 10,179,000,000, with direct and indirect cost accounting for 45 and 55, respectively. Conclusion: MOH leads to substantial healthcare costs and significant loss of productivity in Iran. Therefore, raising awareness in this area especially for policymakers can use in future health planning and lead to resource allocation in the field of disabling type of headache disorders such as MOH. Our findings also provide a different insight into the burden of MOH, which are likely closer to the actual costs in middle- and low-income countries, and also it could be a sample of such a study in western Asia. © 2020, Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia